Report 'Legal protection against algorithmic discrimination in Europe' (2025)

• Lack of transparency
• Lack of awareness and harmonised approach to fundamental rights
• Fragmented landscape for oversight
• Resource and expertise gaps

• Set up a public registry of AI and ADM systems.
• Set up advanced co-ordination mechanisms between national competent authorities at various levels.
• Form a network to share promising practices and enhance synergies.
• Ensure procedural guarantees to make redress more effective in cases involving AI or ADM systems, including amending non-discrimination law where necessary.
• Conduct and publish summaries of fundamental rights impact assessments.
• Include anti-discrimination in public procurement of AI and ADM systems.
• Raise public awareness of AI use and increase AI literacy.
• Guarantee availability of sufficient public resources and expertise for equal ity bodies and supervisory authorities on AI use.
• Train public sector staff on fundamental rights impacts of AI and ADM.
• Strengthen collaboration between equality bodies, other public institu tions and civil society.

This report was prepared in the context of the “Upholding equality and non-discrim ination by Equality bodies regarding the use of artificial intelligence in public admin istrations” project, which is funded by the European Union via the Technical Support Instrument and co-funded by the Council of Europe. The project is implemented by the Council of Europe in co-operation with the European Commission, the Interfederal Centre for Equal Opportunities (Unia, Belgium), the Non-Discrimination Ombudsman (Finland) and the Commission for Citizenship and Gender Equality (Portugal). Unia contributed to the report.